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JLPT N1 vocabulary list す-で

587 phrases

3519 words, each with its reading, its meaning and a native clip. Tap a word to hear it on repeat; tap the sentence under it to hear the word in use.

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  1. Idioms & set phrasescompletely; entirelyThe department in charge was completely stumped handling an unprecedented complaint.
  2. Psychology & nuanceto throw awayIf you have even one friend with whom you can speak from the heart, life is not so bad after all.
  3. Advanced keigo & formalityalreadyI trust you are all already aware of how this came about.
  4. Advanced businessstrikeAs a result of labor and management persistently meeting each other halfway, the strike was averted.
  5. Connectives & conditionshonest; frankHe could simply have rested, but he kept pushing himself and ended up hospitalized after all.
  6. Evaluation & inevitabilitywonderful; splendidAt this level of sheer polish, there is no way to describe it but as magnificent.
  7. Connectives & conditionsall; everythingExpert though one may be, that doesn't mean one can keep up with every rapid change in this field.
  8. Evaluation & inevitabilityto finish; to settleHaving let the deadline pass, you won't get off with a mere "I didn't know."
  9. Evaluation & inevitability(will not) get by without; unsettledSince the contract has been breached, there will be no getting out of paying the penalty.
  10. Logic & argumentcornerPicked apart over trivial details, we ran out of time before ever reaching the main argument.
  11. Law & institutionsprompt; speedyShould performance of the contract become difficult, there is a duty to notify the counterparty without delay.
  12. Evaluation & inevitabilityto live; to resideThanks to the renovation, the old townhouse became remarkably more livable.
  13. Connectives & conditionsto be settled; to be resolvedAlthough we've reached an agreement, until the formal signing is done there's no telling what might happen.
  14. Logic & argumentto swap surreptitiously; to switchAt first glance it sounds plausible, but it is nothing more than sophistry that swaps cause for effect.
  15. Logic & argumentsharp; keenHer rebuttal was coherent and well-ordered, sharply exposing the flaws in our grounds.
  16. Nature & lifecutting to pieces; severanceWith the distribution network severed, transporting supplies to the disaster area has become extremely difficult.
  17. Logic & argumenteverywhere; here and thereHis explanation seems plausible at first glance, but as you tighten the logic step by step, holes appear everywhere.
  18. Idioms & set phrasessloppy; carelessWhen the advance planning is sloppy, the front line ends up floundering about the moment a crisis hits.
  19. Evaluation & inevitabilitysloppy; carelessThe reality that our cultural treasures are managed so carelessly fills me with profound regret.
  20. Logic & argumentto shift; to dodgeShifting the point whenever things get inconvenient for him is his usual tactic.
  21. Description & rhetoricheight (of a person); backSet against the white wall, the red of the camellia stood out all the more vividly.
  22. Emphasis, limits & extremessincerityIf we respond with sincerity, we shall surely gain the other party's understanding.
  23. Life & valueswith all one's mightI gave it everything I had, so whatever the outcome, I have no regrets.
  24. Advanced keigo & formalityprosperity; good health (letter greeting)Last but not least, I sincerely pray for the ever-growing prosperity of you all.
  25. Advanced keigo & formalityresult; achievementI have been granted the awe-inspiring opportunity to present my research findings before His Highness.
  26. Evaluation & inevitabilitypolitical worldThis scandal, which shakes the political world, is bound to invite a thorough reckoning.
  27. Academiccorrect answerIn an age of increasingly diverse values, seeking a single correct answer may itself be an anachronism.
  28. Description & rhetoricpersonality; characterThose two are brothers, yet their personalities are utterly opposite.
  29. Connectives & conditionsaccurate; preciseI'm no god, after all — there's no way I could predict the future with any accuracy.
  30. Psychology & nuancelife; livingOn the last night of my study-abroad life, I was so reluctant to let it end that I could hardly sleep.
  31. Evaluation & inevitabilitycenturyThat it still holds up to reading half a century on is because it deals with a truly universal theme.
  32. Society & current affairsregular; formalThe rise in non-regular employment is shaking the very foundations of workers' livelihoods.
  33. Psychology & nuancejusticeIn the heart of the employee hesitating to blow the whistle lay a conflict between a sense of justice and self-preservation.
  34. Nature & lifelivelihoodEfforts to conserve coastal ecosystems are two sides of the same coin as protecting the livelihoods of fishers.
  35. Emphasis, limits & extremesadministration; regimeThere is probably no one but the current administration that can push this reform through right now.
  36. Law & institutionslimit; restrictionFreedom of expression is a right that ought to be guaranteed, yet it is not recognized without limits.
  37. Emphasis, limits & extremessuccessThis success is nothing less than the fruit of steady, painstaking research accumulated over time.
  38. Logic & argumentconsistency; coherenceBeing logically coherent does not, by that fact alone, mean a thing corresponds to reality.
  39. Idioms & set phrasesclose examination; scrutinyScrutinizing this enormous pile of documents one by one is genuinely laborious work.
  40. Emphasis, limits & extremespolicyThat commentator criticizes endlessly — the policy is naive, there's no vision, and so on — yet offers not a single alternative.
  41. Advanced businessproductionManagers are expected to raise the productivity of the organization as a whole through the appropriate delegation of authority to their subordinates.
  42. Psychology & nuancelife and deathHaving come through countless ordeals, she now seems to view even life and death with a serene detachment.
  43. Connectives & conditionsformal; officialAlthough we've reached an agreement, until the formal signing is done there's no telling what might happen.
  44. Emphasis, limits & extremesregular employeeWhether a permanent employee or a temp worker, as long as they perform the same duties, there should be no disparity in how they are treated.
  45. Emphasis, limits & extremesspirit; mindArt is nothing other than a mirror that reflects the spirit of its age.
  46. Emphasis, limits & extremespoliticsThe delay in institutional reform is nothing but the result of political negligence.
  47. Law & institutionssincerity; good faithIf the contractual obligations are not performed in good faith, the counterparty may claim damages.
  48. Description & rhetoricsilence; stillnessThe instant the performance ended, the hall sank into a hush so complete you could have heard a pin drop.
  49. Culture & artsmaturityThe evolution of a monetary system also serves as a mirror reflecting the maturity of that country's economic thought.
  50. AcademicnormalIf the threshold is set wrong, there is a risk of discarding even legitimate signals as noise.
  51. Advanced businessto control; to restrainReining in a room that was sliding into emotional argument, he calmly re-sorted the issues for everyone.
  52. Logic & argumentorderly; systematicHer rebuttal was coherent and well-ordered, sharply exposing the flaws in our grounds.
  53. Advanced keigo & formalityduring one's lifetimeOnly now do I keenly feel the weight of the words the professor spoke while he was alive.
  54. Description & rhetoricecologyThe scale of environmental destruction is severe, and the ecosystem is said to need decades to recover.
  55. Logic & argumentprecise; elaborateIf the premise is false, then however rigorous the reasoning, the conclusion too cannot escape being false.
  56. Society & current affairsgrowthThe government is drawing up its growth strategy with fiscal stimulus and deregulation as two wheels of the same cart.
  57. Law & institutionsexpertise; thorough familiarityThose who reap the benefits of the subsidy scheme tend, in the end, to be limited to the handful of operators well versed in the procedures.
  58. Society & current affairssexualAlthough understanding of sexual minorities has advanced, the development of the legal framework remains frustratingly slow.
  59. Emphasis, limits & extremeslegitimate; properIf you have grievances, you should follow proper procedure — say it directly, submit it in writing, or the like.
  60. Culture & artslegitimate; orthodoxIn the intellectual lineage of the field, he is unmistakably the legitimate heir of that school of thought.
  61. Emphasis, limits & extremessystem; institutionThe delay in institutional reform is nothing but the result of political negligence.
  62. Academicprecision; accuracyThe higher you push the precision of the measurement, the more even the slightest vibration of the apparatus becomes impossible to ignore.
  63. Law & institutionsadulthood; majorityThe parties to a contract must each have reached the age of majority.
  64. Logic & argumentexact oppositeIf we accept this conclusion, then by the very same logic even the opposite claim could be justified.
  65. Society & current affairssuccess or failureWe have reached a juncture where the leader's very fitness to lead—decisive for the policy's success or failure—is on the line.
  66. Emphasis, limits & extremesproductThe exacting devotion that only an artisan possesses lives in each and every product.
  67. Society & current affairsmaintenance; servicingWhile promoting greater fluidity in employment, there is an urgent need to build up a safety net for workers.
  68. Society & current affairsgovernmentIn the face of an unprecedented crisis, the government's capacity for crisis management is once again being called into question.
  69. Nature & lifeliving things; organismsThe loss of biodiversity severs, quietly but surely, the chain of benefits that ecosystems provide.
  70. Academicsex; genderThis tendency was observed consistently regardless of gender or age.
  71. AcademiclifeThe debate over bioethics grows ever more complex as science and technology advance.
  72. Logic & argumentconstraint; restrictionThere is something to what you say, but we cannot simply ignore the practical constraints.
  73. Academicthe West; WesternA reckoning with our uncritical acceptance of modern Western thought is now being demanded.
  74. Advanced businesssorting out; organizingThe discussion tends to sprawl, so let me first narrow the issues down to three points before we proceed.
  75. Academicformation; coming into beingOur perception of reality can be constituted only through the mesh of concepts we employ.
  76. Advanced keigo & formalityenergy; vigorEven after retiring from his post, the professor continues his research as energetically as ever.
  77. Law & institutionscabinet order; government ordinanceThe government ordinance concerning the new safety standards will take effect on the day marking six months from the date of its promulgation.
  78. Connectives & conditionsworldWith a global economic downturn underway, companies had no choice but to hold back on investment.
  79. Connectives & conditionsall over the worldEven if it means making an enemy of the whole world, I will keep defending him to the very end.
  80. Advanced keigo & formalityseatWhile the manager was away from his desk, a visitor arrived.
  81. Language & mediamembership; registerTo swallow that sort of information whole is, for someone employed by a news organization, an imprudence that cannot escape reproach.
  82. Culture & artsrock gardenThe moss-covered rock garden has a charm that words can scarcely capture.
  83. Connectives & conditionsresponsibilityYou could dismiss it as a mistake born of youth, and that would be that, but he cannot escape responsibility for it.
  84. Life & valuesduty; responsibilityIsn't creating a workplace where people can work with pride precisely the duty of management?
  85. Nature & lifepetroleum; oilWithout a shift to renewable energy to replace oil, the realization of a decarbonized society remains doubtful.
  86. Connectives & conditionssociety; the publicWhether or not society thinks well of it, I intend to stay true to my own convictions.
  87. Life & valuesappearances; reputationWithout bowing to what others might think, he has stayed true to the way of living he believes in.
  88. Language & mediasocial conditions; the timesThe word "sontaku" (reading and acting on someone's unspoken wishes) leapt into the spotlight, no doubt because its connotation so sharply mirrored the mood of the times.
  89. Psychology & nuancethe secular world; worldlyThe old master gazed quietly upon the age with eyes that had risen above the rise and fall of worldly fortunes.
  90. Society & current affairsgenerationDisparities in access to education are becoming entrenched, passed down across generations.
  91. Language & mediawith much effort; kindly (but)The word "sekkaku" is suffused with the feeling of not wanting to let effort or goodwill go to waste.
  92. Emphasis, limits & extremescustomer serviceThat inn, both in its cuisine and its hospitality, was utterly beyond reproach.
  93. Evaluation & inevitabilitydesign; planIf the flaw lies in the design itself, then no amount of ingenuity on site can fix it.
  94. Description & rhetoricsoapFrom her skin, fresh from the bath, rose the faint fragrance of soap.
  95. Nature & lifeinoculation; vaccinationHad the vaccination been received early, the severe symptoms could surely have been avoided.
  96. Advanced businessnegotiationFor this project, negotiations with the relevant government ministries have hit a snag, and construction is now expected to be delayed by about half a year.
  97. Evaluation & inevitabilityto come into contact; to receive (news)On learning of my mentor's sudden passing, I am overcome with grief.
  98. Idioms & set phraseshasty; rushed'More haste, less speed'—we should avoid a hasty rollout and proceed steadily, starting with a small-scale pilot.
  99. Law & institutionsestablishment; installationThe establishment of the facility in question requires, by law, obtaining authorization from the relevant government ministries.
  100. Academicsettings; configurationIf the threshold is set wrong, there is a risk of discarding even legitimate signals as noise.
  101. Connectives & conditionspersuasionEven if I win over the people on the ground, unless upper management gives its nod the plan won't move an inch.
  102. Psychology & nuanceheart-wrenching; painful (longing)Every time I think of my faraway hometown, my heart aches with a bittersweet longing.
  103. Connectives & conditionsexplanationIt may not amount to a formal apology, but some kind of explanation is surely in order.
  104. Advanced businessestablishment; foundingWith the establishment of a holding company that oversees several subsidiaries, decision-making across the group has been centralized.
  105. Life & valuesoverreaching; stretching oneselfNot overreaching, but knowing your own measure—that is the wise way to live.
  106. Advanced businessto narrowDemanding perfection at the draft stage only ends up narrowing the room for discussion.
  107. Culture & artsnarrow; crampedThough the old castle town has lost its former appearance, faint traces of days gone by can still be felt in its narrow alleys.
  108. Emphasis, limits & extremesto approach; to pressWith the deadline closing in moment by moment, I finished the manuscript begrudging every single minute.
  109. Advanced businessblame; responsibilityAs the person responsible for overseeing the division, I have not the slightest intention of shifting the blame for failure onto my subordinates.
  110. Connectives & conditionsat leastEven if you don't fully agree, you should at least show that you're trying to understand his position.
  111. Idioms & set phrasesto blame; to reproachBefore blaming him for a slip of the tongue, the proper course is to recall that 'even monkeys fall from trees' and check one's own complacency.
  112. Society & current affairspublic opinionFully aware of the public backlash, the government is poised to go ahead with a hike in the consumption tax.
  113. Connectives & conditionshelp; careBeing indebted to him, I couldn't very well turn down his request outright.
  114. Culture & artslineThe true beauty of this ink painting lies not in the strokes drawn, but in the empty space deliberately left behind.
  115. Advanced keigo & formalitypresumptuous; taking the libertyAt today's commemorative ceremony, presumptuous though it may be, I will have the honor of offering the toast.
  116. Evaluation & inevitabilityflames of warThe sight of people driven from their homes by the fires of war stirs a compassion one can hardly contain.
  117. Language & mediaelectionOrganized dissemination of information by anonymous accounts could well tip the outcome of an election.
  118. Advanced businessfirst priority; prerequisiteRather than spending time on peripheral arguments, sorting out the essential points must come first.
  119. Academicpreceding; priorIn this study, building on the issues pointed out in prior research, we put forward a new hypothesis.
  120. Description & rhetoricincense stickLike the lingering afterglow of the festival, the smoke of the sparkler trailed off into the night air and vanished.
  121. Emphasis, limits & extremesselection; screeningThe results of the selection will be notified to you in writing.
  122. Connectives & conditionsdelicate; sensitiveIf you were to make even a single slip of the tongue in these delicate negotiations, all the effort so far would come to nothing.
  123. Advanced keigo & formalitythe other dayTo thank you for the other day and, at the same time, to pay a visit, I should like to call on your office in the near future.
  124. Language & mediasensationalism; inflammatoryThere is no end of readers who let themselves be swayed by sensational headlines and swallow the content whole.
  125. Idioms & set phrasespredecessors; forebearsTraditional craftsmen, in the spirit of drawing new insight from the old, inherit their forebears' techniques while creating fresh designs.
  126. Advanced keigo & formalityteacherThe paper the professor wrote has stirred a great response in academic circles.
  127. Culture & artswarConveying the catastrophe of war to future generations is the mission of those of us who yearn for peace.
  128. Academicchoice; selectionIn consumer society, the human being becomes not an autonomous chooser but an object whose desires are manipulated.
  129. Emphasis, limits & extremesoption; choiceHardships there may be, but abandoning this undertaking is simply not an option for us.
  130. Advanced keigo & formalitythe other partyI understand from the other party that they wish to move the delivery date forward by a week.
  131. Connectives & conditionsspecialty; expertiseExpert though one may be, that doesn't mean one can keep up with every rapid change in this field.
  132. Culture & artswar; turmoil of warHaving passed through age after age of war and upheaval, this capital has at last regained its tranquility.
  133. Connectives & conditionsstrategyWith the industry's biggest player entering the market, we too are forced into a fundamental rethink of our strategy.
  134. Culture & artsrefinement; sophisticationA refined aesthetic sense is not something cultivated overnight.
  135. Society & current affairssafetyWhile promoting greater fluidity in employment, there is an urgent need to build up a safety net for workers.
  136. Evaluation & inevitabilityZeami (Noh master)"Never forget your original resolve" is a maxim Zeami left behind as the very essence of the artistic path.
  137. Society & current affairstaxFully aware of the public backlash, the government is poised to go ahead with a hike in the consumption tax.
  138. Emphasis, limits & extremesluxury; extravaganceThat mansion, spared no expense, was luxury carried to its very extreme.
  139. Society & current affairsfragile; vulnerableThis disaster has thrown into sharp relief the fragility of local governments' disaster-preparedness systems.
  140. Society & current affairstax systemThe current tax system is in need of a fundamental overhaul from the standpoint of fairness.
  141. Emphasis, limits & extremesluxury; extravaganceThat mansion, spared no expense, was luxury carried to its very extreme.
  142. Society & current affairscorrection; rectificationWithout correcting disparities, the realization of a sustainable society is simply impossible.
  143. Logic & argumentabsolutely; definitelyStandards of good and evil are not absolute; they are merely relative and wholly dependent on context.
  144. Evaluation & inevitabilitydespairThe despair of having your data vanish right before the deadline is beyond anything words can capture.
  145. Psychology & nuanceexquisite; superbSkilled at reading the mood of a room, he wrapped up the conversation at exactly the right moment.
  146. Society & current affairspros and cons; right or wrongOver the restart of the nuclear power plants, the public is being asked to weigh the merits and demerits of the decision.
  147. Logic & argumentgood and evilStandards of good and evil are not absolute; they are merely relative and wholly dependent on context.
  148. Language & mediagood faith; goodwillThere is no guarantee anywhere that anonymous goodwill will spread while remaining goodwill.
  149. Emphasis, limits & extremeseveryone; all membersWhether in favor or opposed, everyone should first be given the chance to voice their opinion.
  150. Nature & lifecomplete destructionThough our house barely escaped total collapse, the damage it sustained was by no means slight.
  151. Language & mediabefore and after; aroundIf you pluck out a single sentence while ignoring its surrounding context, the meaning is easily distorted.
  152. Advanced keigo & formalitythe whole companyWe take this misconduct with the utmost gravity and intend to work company-wide to prevent any recurrence; it is on these grounds that we hereby offer our profound apologies.
  153. Connectives & conditionsthe whole; entireWith it being their first championship in ten years, the entire town erupted into festive celebration.
  154. Advanced keigo & formalitypremise; assumptionIf I may say so with all due humility, this projection rests on several assumptions that cannot be overlooked.
  155. Advanced businesspredecessorWith the change in management, the merger plan the predecessor had been advancing was scrapped entirely.
  156. Connectives & conditionsentire; wholeEven if you don't fully agree, you should at least show that you're trying to understand his position.
  157. Language & mediathe night before; eveI polished the draft over and over right up until the night before the deadline, and finally shaped it into something I was satisfied with.
  158. Advanced keigo & formalityfull picture; whole storyIn order to get to the bottom of the entire scandal, an independent third-party committee is to be established.
  159. Connectives & conditionsall one's strength; full effortHowever things may turn out, I have no regrets about having given it my all.
  160. Connectives & conditionsprecedentBecause the research is entirely unprecedented, even those tasked with evaluating it are struggling to reach a judgment.
  161. Emphasis, limits & extremesdifference; discrepancyThough there may be some divergence of views, in broad outline the two sides are in agreement.
  162. Society & current affairsappropriate; considerableIt takes a fair amount of time for the effects of monetary policy to ripple through to the real economy.
  163. Advanced keigo & formalitygeneral meetingWith this, we hereby bring today's general meeting to a close.
  164. Logic & argumentcorrelationThe mere fact that a correlation is observed between the two does not warrant the hasty conclusion that a causal relationship exists.
  165. Culture & artsrecollection; evokingThe dry landscape garden, evoking flowing water without using any, is a truly delicate mode of expression.
  166. Nature & lifeearly stage; earlyHad the vaccination been received early, the severe symptoms could surely have been avoided.
  167. Nature & lifeoperation (of a factory)There is a strong likelihood that the resumption of operations at the severely damaged factory will slip to next year or later.
  168. Connectives & conditionsmutualWithout mutual trust, no alliance can endure for long.
  169. Academiccomprehensive; overallTaking the above discussion as a whole, the initial hypothesis can be considered to have been broadly supported.
  170. Society & current affairsmanipulation; operationWhen it comes to applying gene-editing technology in medicine, the ethical rights and wrongs are subject to searching debate.
  171. Culture & artssuch; that kind ofPlay when it's time to play, work when it's time to work — such clear boundaries were his guiding principle.
  172. Nature & lifelossThe loss of biodiversity severs, quietly but surely, the chain of benefits that ecosystems provide.
  173. Emphasis, limits & extremescleaningMy mother-in-law butts in about every little thing — the cleaning isn't thorough, the food's too salty, and so on.
  174. Logic & argumentcreationAt the root of all creation lurks a quiet dissatisfaction with the existing framework.
  175. Evaluation & inevitabilityimaginationThere is something in the grief of a man who has lost the spouse of many years that is not hard to imagine.
  176. Society & current affairsinheritance; successionOver the inheritance of an enormous estate, a bitter family feud has been brought before the courts.
  177. Emphasis, limits & extremesleaving earlyIf you're not feeling well, please don't push yourself — take a rest or leave early, or something along those lines.
  178. Logic & argumentrelativeThe sense of being rich or poor is, after all, relative, and it changes completely once the point of comparison shifts.
  179. Connectives & conditionsconsultation; discussionHad he consulted me sooner I could have done something — but because he kept quiet, things have reached a point of no return.
  180. Academicdevice; apparatusThe higher you push the precision of the measurement, the more even the slightest vibration of the apparatus becomes impossible to ignore.
  181. Description & rhetoricearly morningA thin haze lay faintly over the surface of the lake in the early morning.
  182. Emphasis, limits & extremesassumption; expectationIt was no more than a reaction we had anticipated, so there is no need to be rattled by every instance of it.
  183. Culture & artseveryone together; all handsIn this village, the custom of the whole clan gathering to observe the New Year is still handed down to this day.
  184. Life & valuesconsiderably; quiteTo sever the entanglements within the industry and strike out on your own requires considerable resolve and a solid financial backing.
  185. Evaluation & inevitabilityboth sides; both partiesIt goes without saying that this contract requires the signatures of both parties.
  186. Advanced businessgeneral argument; overall viewEven if everyone agrees in principle, aligning the specifics gets tangled up in competing interests and is anything but straightforward.
  187. Language & mediato meet (wishes); to attachMerely adding a single turn of phrase derived from classical language can sometimes lend a piece of writing an unexpected dignity.
  188. Law & institutionsretroactivityIt is reasonable to interpret that the provision in question does not take effect retroactively.
  189. Language & mediato conform to; to be in line withWe should press the discussion forward strictly in line with the argument, not be swept away by appeals to emotion.
  190. AcademicmeasurementThe higher you push the precision of the measurement, the more even the slightest vibration of the apparatus becomes impossible to ignore.
  191. Logic & argumentspeedGiven that technology advances at this pace, the elimination of some traditional occupations must be called an inevitability.
  192. Logic & argumentrestraint; bondageTo grasp the concept of freedom as mere liberation from constraint is far too one-sided.
  193. Language & mediabreaking news; flashTo put out uncorroborated information as breaking news is an act that runs counter to journalistic ethics.
  194. Culture & artsto shave off; to pare downHis work is imbued with a distinctly Japanese aesthetic sensibility—one that strips away everything superfluous.
  195. Culture & artsto shave off; to pare downIt is precisely in bearing pared down of all excess that the chic spirit of old Edo resides.
  196. Culture & artsunsuitable; out of keepingEven if one is told it is a family convention, anything out of step with the times ought to be reconsidered.
  197. Advanced businessthereOnce you show a willingness to concede, the other side seizes on it and jacks up their demands even further.
  198. Logic & argumentbottom; baseThis poem depicts the universality of human sorrow that runs beneath every culture.
  199. Logic & argumentto damage; to harmIf one fails to grasp the essence of the problem, no measure will ever rise above mere symptomatic treatment.
  200. Psychology & nuanceto fail to; to harmBeing poor at picking up on unspoken meaning, I often fail to read the mood of a situation.
  201. Evaluation & inevitabilityorganizationThis cannot be written off as one individual's blunder; it is a situation in which the whole organization's responsibility is called into question.
  202. Evaluation & inevitabilityto pour; to devoteThere's no bigger waste of time than pouring effort into someone not worth teaching.
  203. Description & rhetoricupbringingThere was in her bearing a quiet poise that spoke of a refined upbringing.
  204. Description & rhetoricto bring up; to build upBecause it was a business I had painstakingly built up, the joy of its success was all the greater.
  205. Evaluation & inevitabilityto raise; to bring upHaving gone to such trouble to bring him this far, he really is a student worth teaching.
  206. Description & rhetoricmeasure; stepIt is an extremely unusual measure, but given the emergency it is unavoidable.
  207. Description & rhetoricsoftly; gentlyThe autumn wind tapped softly at the window, announcing the coming of winter.
  208. Description & rhetoricoutsideA faint film of condensation had formed on the windowpane, softly blurring the scene outside.
  209. Idioms & set phrasesoutside sales roundsApparently there is no end to salespeople who dawdle and waste time while out making their rounds.
  210. Idioms & set phrasespreparation; provisionAs 'forewarned is forearmed' holds, it is precisely thorough crisis management in peacetime that keeps damage to a minimum when disaster strikes.
  211. Culture & artsto offer (to the dead or gods)At the Bon festival, offering the deceased's favorite foods at the grave is a custom passed down from long ago.
  212. Advanced businessto prepare for; to provide forIt is essential to build a risk-management framework in ordinary times, in preparation for unforeseen contingencies.
  213. Idioms & set phrasesthat field; that line of workAs 'even monkeys fall from trees' suggests, even an authority in the field is not immune to the occasional fatal error of judgment.
  214. Evaluation & inevitabilityitself; the very thingIf the flaw lies in the design itself, then no amount of ingenuity on site can fix it.
  215. Description & rhetoricgrandfatherDespite his advanced age, my grandfather is remarkably healthy and still never misses his morning walk.
  216. Emphasis, limits & extremessimple; rusticThe rustic flavor unique to this region can never be reproduced in the city.
  217. Emphasis, limits & extremesshabby; careless (treatment)To treat an honored guest so carelessly can only be called the height of discourtesy.
  218. Life & valuesto go against; to betrayHowever much I may be ordered to, I cannot bring myself to commit an act that betrays my conscience.
  219. Logic & argumentto turn away; to avertWe must not, in our attachment to our own theory, turn a blind eye to inconvenient counterevidence.
  220. Life & valuesto dye; (in "te o someru") to get involvedHowever much I may be ordered to, I cannot bring myself to commit an act that betrays my conscience.
  221. Logic & argumentin the first place; originallyIt is precisely when a discussion reaches an impasse that we need to question the underlying premise itself.
  222. Psychology & nuancegrounding; cultivationThe humility to receive criticism with an open and unprejudiced mind is precisely the quality demanded of a researcher.
  223. Description & rhetoricvacancy; emptyAcross the sunset sky, streaks of madder-red cloud trail one after another.
  224. Life & valuescompatibility (in "sori ga awanai"); sledThose two acknowledge each other's abilities, yet for whatever reason they simply can't get along.
  225. Psychology & nuanceeach; respectivelyWith the lingering ache of reluctant parting still in the air, the two set off down their separate paths.
  226. Connectives & conditionsto be all present; to be completeNow that everyone is here, shall we go ahead and begin the meeting?
  227. Connectives & conditionssoon; about time toThe rain has let up, so let's go ahead and set off soon.
  228. Law & institutionsdamage; lossIf the contractual obligations are not performed in good faith, the counterparty may claim damages.
  229. Nature & lifedignityOrgan transplantation is forever shadowed by ethical questions concerning the donor's dignity.
  230. Connectives & conditionsexistence; beingThere is no such thing in this world as glory won without sacrifice.
  231. Language & mediasurmising (a superior's wishes)The word "sontaku" (reading and acting on someone's unspoken wishes) leapt into the spotlight, no doubt because its connotation so sharply mirrored the mood of the times.
  232. Society & current affairsrespect; esteemWhile people pay lip service to respecting diversity, in practice a deep-seated tendency to exclude what is different persists.
  233. Life & valuesgain and loss; self-interestIt was his willingness to do the honorable thing even setting aside profit and loss that won him the trust of those around him.
  234. Evaluation & inevitabilitysuch; that kind ofFor such a trivial confirmation, there's surely no need to go to the trouble of reporting to the president.
  235. Life & valuesthat much; soPlease don't hold back so much — whenever you're in a bind, feel free to rely on me anytime.
  236. Society & current affairsincrease; riseThe rise in non-regular employment is shaking the very foundations of workers' livelihoods.
  237. Nature & lifeorgan (body)Organ transplantation is forever shadowed by ethical questions concerning the donor's dignity.
  238. Language & mediacoined word; neologismAmong the coinages that keep springing up alongside the spread of social media, it's hardly rare for one to fade away within a few years.
  239. Law & institutionsexpansion; additional constructionThe construction of accredited nurseries cannot keep pace, and the elimination of childcare waiting lists is proceeding at a snail's pace.
  240. Society & current affairstax increaseWhether or not to bite the bullet and raise taxes for fiscal reconstruction—the wisdom of that course is now in question.
  241. Society & current affairsincrease; growthThere is no denying that the surge in non-regular employment is one factor making young people hesitant to marry or have children.
  242. Advanced businessperson-dependentAs over-reliance on a single skilled individual advances, the organization ceases to function the moment that person leaves.
  243. Description & rhetoricto belong toThis is somewhat old news, but the truth behind that incident still remains shrouded in darkness.
  244. Advanced keigo & formalityone after anotherAs the distinguished guests arrived one after another, the hall was enveloped in a festive atmosphere.
  245. Advanced keigo & formalityto know (humble)Being unaware of the circumstances, I ended up committing one discourtesy after another — that is how it came about.
  246. Connectives & conditionsto know; to think (humble)Modest though my abilities are, I hope to do what little I can to be of service to you all.
  247. Emphasis, limits & extremesother; elseThere is surely no one but him who could break through this crisis.
  248. Emphasis, limits & extremesresponse; handlingIf we respond with sincerity, we shall surely gain the other party's understanding.
  249. Advanced keigo & formalityretirement from officeEven after retiring from his post, the professor continues his research as energetically as ever.
  250. Advanced businessexternal; outwardWe went public with the announcement before the departments had aligned their positions on the policy.
  251. Nature & lifeatmosphere; airHealth damage caused by air pollution tends to fall disproportionately hard on the socially vulnerable.
  252. Society & current affairswaiting; standbyThe problem of children on daycare waiting lists has long been cited as a structural factor obstructing women's advancement in society.
  253. Language & mediaboring; tediousBy being overly conscious of the classic four-part structure, the essay ended up formulaic and dull instead.
  254. Emphasis, limits & extremestreatment; working conditionsWhether a permanent employee or a temp worker, as long as they perform the same duties, there should be no disparity in how they are treated.
  255. Culture & artsmajor country; superpowerCaught between the rise and fall of great powers, small nations have always been forced into a delicate balancing act.
  256. Evaluation & inevitabilitycountermeasureIf we can't pinpoint the cause, there's simply no way to devise any countermeasure, is there?
  257. Description & rhetoricthe masses; the publicThe masses, as though in the grip of a fever, were swept along by baseless rumors.
  258. Academiccontrol (group); contrastThe comparison between the experimental and control groups suggested an effect of the intervention.
  259. Academicsubject; targetIt is noteworthy that about sixty percent of the respondents exhibited the same tendency.
  260. Logic & argumentsymptomatic treatmentIf one fails to grasp the essence of the problem, no measure will ever rise above mere symptomatic treatment.
  261. Evaluation & inevitabilityretirement; resignationHaving worked for a full decade without ever attending to his family, perhaps it's only natural he feels lonely after retirement.
  262. Nature & lifeearthquake-resistantThis government building meets the latest seismic-resistance standards and is designed to withstand tremors of even the highest intensity on the scale.
  263. Society & current affairssystem; structureThis disaster has thrown into sharp relief the fragility of local governments' disaster-preparedness systems.
  264. Life & valuescrowd; many peopleIn the way he stuck to his own view without being swept along by the majority, a firm conviction shone through.
  265. Logic & argumentimportant; preciousIn treating the concept of efficiency as all-powerful, we have let something precious slip through our fingers.
  266. Connectives & conditionsphysical conditionNow that my health has recovered, I intend to return to work starting next week.
  267. Evaluation & inevitabilityattitudeAs his country's representative he maintained a dignified bearing, with nothing to be ashamed of.
  268. Emphasis, limits & extremesserious illnessEver since he fell gravely ill, he has come to savor just how precious good health is.
  269. Nature & lifetyphoonWith the approach of a large and extremely powerful typhoon, the Meteorological Agency is calling for the utmost level of vigilance.
  270. Advanced keigo & formalityhard; toughI am terribly sorry to impose when you are so busy, but might I have a little of your time?
  271. Emphasis, limits & extremesnegligence; neglectThe delay in institutional reform is nothing but the result of political negligence.
  272. Emphasis, limits & extremestimingThat politician, in both the timing and the content of his remarks, does nothing but rub the public the wrong way.
  273. Emphasis, limits & extremesimportant role; major taskThere is no one but you to whom such an important role could be entrusted.
  274. Society & current affairsconfrontation; conflictDebate over gender tends all too easily to devolve into emotional confrontation, leaving calm policy discussion by the wayside.
  275. Life & valuesline of retreatIf I'm going to strike out on my own, I'll have to cut off my retreat and brace myself for it.
  276. Language & mediaconstantly; ceaselesslyLanguage is a living thing, endlessly shifting the meanings of its words as it breathes in the atmosphere of the age.
  277. Emphasis, limits & extremesto cease; to die outThe meticulous attentiveness that only a long-established shop can offer is surely why the customers never stop coming.
  278. Life & valuesto endure; to bearUnable to bear the pangs of conscience, he finally came to blow the whistle on the wrongdoing.
  279. Emphasis, limits & extremespassing away; deathEver since my father passed away, my mother has grown markedly quiet.
  280. Idioms & set phrasesdiversification; multilateralOverextend in the name of business diversification and you become the man chasing two hares, risking even the very backbone of your core operations.
  281. Nature & lifehigh ground; elevated areaBroadcasts urging evacuation to higher ground were repeated over and over, yet no small number of residents paid them no heed.
  282. Advanced businessto raise; to heightenManagers are expected to raise the productivity of the organization as a whole through the appropriate delegation of authority to their subordinates.
  283. Life & valueseach other; mutualThe two shared a bond in which their feelings reached each other without need for many words.
  284. Connectives & conditionsmutually; each otherIt is only because we trust one another that frank, unreserved debate is even possible.
  285. Law & institutionslarge sumThe victims brought suit against the offending company, seeking substantial damages.
  286. Advanced businesswide-ranging; diversePrecisely because so many departments are involved, reaching consensus is impossible without a fair amount of behind-the-scenes groundwork.
  287. Advanced keigo & formalityhome; residenceWhile home for the holidays, I stopped by my former teacher's house to pay my respects.
  288. Emphasis, limits & extremesto entrustIf we are to entrust the transmission of this traditional art to anyone, no one but that master comes to mind.
  289. Language & mediaskillful; cleverIn the brushwork that deftly interweaves literary and colloquial styles, one senses a dignity unique to that author.
  290. Logic & argumentto devise skillfully; to schemeRather than being swayed by his eloquence, we need to coolly scrutinize the essence of his argument.
  291. Psychology & nuancebambooIt is organizations supple like bamboo that survive an era of upheaval.
  292. Psychology & nuanceto excel in; to be skilled atSkilled at reading the mood of a room, he wrapped up the conversation at exactly the right moment.
  293. Advanced keigo & formalitycertain; sureI have duly seen the attached photograph; it conveys well the look of those days.
  294. Culture & artsto have good manners; to enjoy in moderationNot drinking to excess at a banquet is surely one mark of a grown-up's good breeding.
  295. Connectives & conditionsother companiesWith terms this favorable on the table, there's no way rival firms will simply let it pass.
  296. Psychology & nuanceothers; other peopleThat critic's way of speaking exudes an arrogance that looks down on everyone else.
  297. Emphasis, limits & extremessomewhat; a littleThough there may be some divergence of views, in broad outline the two sides are in agreement.
  298. Logic & argumentmajority; large numberThe "everyone says so" line of reasoning is a textbook sophistry that rests on mere numbers.
  299. Psychology & nuanceto be saved; to be helpedThe guilt of having been the only one to survive still torments him today.
  300. Emphasis, limits & extremesto visitTo think an old friend would come to visit me like this — I couldn't be more delighted.
  301. Culture & artsto drill into; to hammer inAs a newcomer to the working world, the very first thing drilled into me was the proper way to exchange business cards.
  302. Advanced businessdraft for discussion; starting pointI'm not concerned about polish for now — could you first bring a rough draft to serve as a starting point?
  303. Description & rhetoricto knock; to tapThe autumn wind tapped softly at the window, announcing the coming of winter.
  304. Life & valuesto make stand; to place in (a situation)No matter what adversity he was thrown into, he never bent his convictions.
  305. Description & rhetoricappearance; presenceThere was in her bearing a quiet poise that spoke of a refined upbringing.
  306. Description & rhetoricto stand still; to lingerBeside the approach to the shrine, a moss-covered Jizo statue stood quietly.
  307. Advanced keigo & formalitygreat; enormousOwing to my own shortcomings I have caused you great trouble, and I am overcome with the deepest shame.
  308. Logic & argumentcorrect; rightAs long as one is bound by fixed notions, one cannot perceive the reality before one's eyes correctly.
  309. Advanced keigo & formalitysimply; onlyFaced with such a lavishly prepared feast, I could do nothing but savor it to the fullest.
  310. Advanced businessimmediatelyThe moment the approval comes down, have everything arranged so we can move straight to placing the order.
  311. Psychology & nuanceto drift; to hang (in the air)Even after the performance had ended, an indescribable lingering resonance still hung over the hall.
  312. Evaluation & inevitabilitystandingStanding the whole hour in a packed train—there's no exhaustion quite like it.
  313. Culture & artsmovements; carriage (standing and sitting)It is precisely in bearing pared down of all excess that the chic spirit of old Edo resides.
  314. Life & valuesto pry into; to enterIt's as if the word 'restraint' means nothing to him — even on first meeting, he'll blithely ask the most prying questions.
  315. Life & valuesto return to; to go back toI want to face this crisis with the resolve to return to my original intentions and start over from scratch.
  316. Society & current affairsto break off; to severTo break the cycle of poverty, we should not, in my view, begrudge investment in children.
  317. Advanced businessto stop; to pauseThe points aren't meeting each other, so shall we pause and reorganize things from the premises up?
  318. Description & rhetoricto rise up (smoke, scent)From her skin, fresh from the bath, rose the faint fragrance of soap.
  319. Connectives & conditionsposition; standpointEven if you don't fully agree, you should at least show that you're trying to understand his position.
  320. Connectives & conditionsinstantly; in no timeLet your guard down for even a single day, and you'll instantly be left behind by this dizzyingly fast-changing industry.
  321. Advanced keigo & formalityto drop by; to stop atWhile home for the holidays, I stopped by my former teacher's house to pay my respects.
  322. Psychology & nuancephilosophical detachment; seeing things clearlyThe old master gazed quietly upon the age with eyes that had risen above the rise and fall of worldly fortunes.
  323. Logic & argumentto reach; to attainThis work has by now transcended the category of mere entertainment and reached the level of social critique.
  324. Evaluation & inevitabilityachievement; accomplishmentThe harder it is, the greater the sense of accomplishment when you overcome it — that's what makes it rewarding.
  325. Connectives & conditionsearnest; urgent (request)Given that it's an earnest request from my old mentor, I can hardly turn it down on the grounds of being busy.
  326. Life & valuesto cut off; to severIf I'm going to strike out on my own, I'll have to cut off my retreat and brace myself for it.
  327. Evaluation & inevitabilityto stand; to get angry (with hara)Stealing the credit for a subordinate's achievements is behavior wholly unbecoming of anyone in a position of leadership.
  328. Idioms & set phrasesto cut off; to endApparently there is no end to salespeople who dawdle and waste time while out making their rounds.
  329. Law & institutionsshield; pretextEven when the requirements for approval are met, it is not uncommon for an application to be quietly killed off under the pretext of established practice.
  330. Law & institutionsvertical; lengthOwing to the compartmentalized silos of the bureaucracy, a single application ends up being shunted from one department to the next.
  331. Advanced keigo & formalityto rebuild; to restoreIn order to restore the strained public finances, the government embarked on sweeping expenditure reforms.
  332. Evaluation & inevitabilitysignboard; notice board"Enter not this ground," read the old signpost.
  333. Psychology & nuanceofficial stance; public faceThe way Japanese society switches between one's true feelings and one's public facade seems especially baffling to foreigners.
  334. Logic & argumentto be able to standIf policy is built while conflating correlation with causation, enormous budgets risk being poured into misguided measures.
  335. Connectives & conditionseven ifEven the company president is not permitted to unilaterally disregard the work regulations.
  336. Culture & artsto finally arrive at; to reachWhat one arrives at after refinement taken to its limit is, more often than not, simplicity itself.
  337. Advanced businessto follow (a path); to traceAs the debate ran on in parallel lines, the chair searched for a compromise where both sides could lay down their arms.
  338. Psychology & nuanceto follow (a path); to traceOnly those who cast off arrogance and learn with humility arrive at true mastery.
  339. Advanced businessshelving; putting on holdUnable to agree on the budget, the merger talks ended up shelved, and half a year has slipped by.
  340. Description & rhetoricto trail; to drift (clouds)Across the sunset sky, streaks of madder-red cloud trail one after another.
  341. Description & rhetoricother people; strangerTo quote someone else's paper without disclosing the source is an act tantamount to plagiarism.
  342. Life & valuesstandoffish; formal (like a stranger)That stiffly formal way of speaking feels so distant that, if anything, it just makes me lonely.
  343. Logic & argumentkind; sortUnless we surface the tacit premises at play, this kind of conflict will run in parallel lines forever.
  344. Connectives & conditionsrequest; favorBeing indebted to him, I couldn't very well turn down his request outright.
  345. Life & valuesto ask (a favor); to requestNever turning down a request was the personal creed of my late master.
  346. Emphasis, limits & extremesreliable; reassuringTo watch a protégé I nurtured with my own hands come into their own is immensely gratifying.
  347. Evaluation & inevitabilityto happen repeatedlyThe repeated scandals are bound to escalate into a question of the management's accountability.
  348. Life & valuesdestination; place one travels toMy exchanges with the people I met on my travels broadened my outlook on life immensely.
  349. Connectives & conditionsbeing very busyGiven that it's an earnest request from my old mentor, I can hardly turn it down on the grounds of being busy.
  350. Psychology & nuanceambiguous; equivocalDiplomatic documents are often deliberately ambiguous, and grasping their true intent requires the ability to read between the lines.
  351. Description & rhetoricto accumulate; to pile upWith overtime day after day, there's no denying I've built up a fair amount of fatigue.
  352. Evaluation & inevitabilityto receive; to be granted (humble)For the support you have given me over so many years, I am overwhelmed with gratitude.
  353. Connectives & conditionsto hesitateHesitant though he was inside, he steeled himself and spoke his true feelings right there in the meeting.
  354. Society & current affairsto maintain; to keepIn a society of demographic decline, how to preserve the vitality of local economies has become a pressing challenge.
  355. Life & valuesto be able to maintainThose who can't keep an appropriate sense of distance on social media tend to be more easily drawn into interpersonal trouble.
  356. Language & mediaeasy; simpleBy excerpting statistical figures to suit one's ends, public opinion is steered all too easily.
  357. Psychology & nuancediverseThere are people who champion diversity yet are astonishingly intolerant of dissenting views.
  358. Language & mediaheavy use; frequent useWriting that leans heavily on technical jargon is precise, yet it takes on a coldness that keeps the uninitiated at arm's length.
  359. Life & valuesto rely on; to depend onPlease don't hold back so much — whenever you're in a bind, feel free to rely on me anytime.
  360. Emphasis, limits & extremesto be enoughAt every meeting, nothing flies around but complaints — the budget's too tight, we're short-staffed, and so on.
  361. Evaluation & inevitabilitybeing; who is (formal copula)Those who call themselves the press must never for a moment forget their mission of holding power to account.
  362. Evaluation & inevitabilityto be enough; to sufficeWith this much material assembled, one may call it evidence sufficient to support the hypothesis.
  363. Nature & lifeuntreated discharge; dumpingThe unchecked discharge of industrial wastewater destroyed the downstream ecosystem root and branch.
  364. Academicsingle; soleIn an age of increasingly diverse values, seeking a single correct answer may itself be an anachronism.
  365. Academicshort-termManagement that disregards corporate ethics forfeits long-term trust in exchange for short-term profit.
  366. Description & rhetoricshort timeIn an extremely short span of time, the situation spiraled beyond control.
  367. Description & rhetoricsimpleHis prose is etched with shadings that cannot be reduced to simple right and wrong.
  368. Connectives & conditionscalmly; matter-of-factlyNo matter what those around her said, she calmly kept walking her own path.
  369. Connectives & conditionsperson in chargeEven if I win over the people on the ground, unless upper management gives its nod the plan won't move an inch.
  370. Law & institutionsalone; independentlyA contract concluded by a minor acting alone may later be rescinded.
  371. Evaluation & inevitabilitymere; simpleThis affair is too grave to dismiss as a mere scandal; it deserves to be examined by society as a whole.
  372. Society & current affairssimply; merelyDepopulation in rural areas is not merely a matter of shrinking numbers; it may well signify the extinction of local culture itself.
  373. Idioms & set phrasescareful; painstakingAs I carefully reread the classics, it struck me that this was exactly what is meant by learning the new by revisiting the old.
  374. Culture & artsshort circuit; oversimplified (reasoning)Is it not rather simplistic to condemn the customs of the past by the values of today?
  375. Logic & argumentalternative planIt is all nitpicking criticism, and not a single constructive alternative ever emerges.
  376. Nature & lifefirst stepThe first step on the long road of recovery and reconstruction begins with an accurate grasp of the present situation.
  377. Emphasis, limits & extremesuniversityHere reigns the free and open academic spirit that only a university with a long history can nurture.
  378. Advanced keigo & formalitythird partyIn order to get to the bottom of the entire scandal, an independent third-party committee is to be established.
  379. Idioms & set phrasesgreat earthquake disasterSo that the lessons of the great earthquake are not allowed to fade, society as a whole should share the mindset that 'forewarned is forearmed.'
  380. Connectives & conditionsall right; OKHaving assured everyone it would be fine, I ended up with no way to back out.
  381. Emphasis, limits & extremesminister (government)Whether a cabinet minister or an ordinary citizen, everyone should be treated equally before the law.
  382. Society & current affairsbold; daringThe central bank, through bold monetary policy, supplied the market with abundant liquidity.
  383. Evaluation & inevitabilitygreat discoveryA discovery great enough to shake the world was born in an obscure laboratory.
  384. Evaluation & inevitabilityrepresentative (team)As his country's representative he maintained a dignified bearing, with nothing to be ashamed of.
  385. Connectives & conditionsgoing down; crashIf the system were to go down right before the deadline, it would spell an irreparable disaster.
  386. Emphasis, limits & extremesbreaking through; finding a way outThere is surely no one but him who could break through this crisis.
  387. Life & valuescompromiseHis pride as a craftsman would not allow him to compromise.
  388. Psychology & nuanceto outwit; to get ahead ofHaving gotten ahead of my colleagues to win the promotion, a nagging sense of guilt lingers somewhere in me.
  389. Evaluation & inevitabilityto take out; to put outDespite my desperate persuasion, in the end he handed in his resignation anyway.
  390. Connectives & conditionscan present; can put outIt may not be perfect, but by the deadline I want it polished to a level I can present to others.
  391. Society & current affairsbreaking away; escapeUnless we break free from prolonged deflation, any genuine economic recovery is out of the question.
  392. Evaluation & inevitabilitysetting up; devising (a plan)If we can't pinpoint the cause, there's simply no way to devise any countermeasure, is there?
  393. Emphasis, limits & extremesappropriate; reasonableIn light of established custom it was a reasonable decision, and there is no call to single it out for criticism.
  394. Connectives & conditionsto be silent; to shut upHad he consulted me sooner I could have done something — but because he kept quiet, things have reached a point of no return.
  395. Advanced businessstage; phaseDemanding perfection at the draft stage only ends up narrowing the room for discussion.
  396. Law & institutionsunity; solidarityWorkers are guaranteed the right to organize under the Constitution.
  397. Emphasis, limits & extremescarrying out resolutelyThere is probably no one but the current administration that can push this reform through right now.
  398. Culture & artscondemnation; convictionIs it not rather simplistic to condemn the customs of the past by the values of today?
  399. Life & valuesabsolutely (not); decidedlyThere is plenty of room for negotiation, but on quality alone I will absolutely not yield.
  400. Academicrupture; disconnectThe rift in values between generations seems to have deepened to a point that is now all but unbridgeable.
  401. Academicassertion; conclusionAll too often we pass definitive judgments while remaining oblivious to the limits of our own perception.
  402. AcademicfragmentThe core of that philosopher's thought is distilled into a mere fragment of a few lines.
  403. Language & mediaparagraphAfter reworking the structure and cutting the needless paragraphs, it finally became a piece with a coherent line of argument.
  404. Evaluation & inevitabilityland; place"Enter not this ground," read the old signpost.
  405. Law & institutionsposition; statusUnder the law, all people bear obligations equally, regardless of status or social standing.
  406. Emphasis, limits & extremesregion; local areaWhen it comes to having sustained regional healthcare for so many years, there is no more dependable institution than this hospital.
  407. Advanced businessdelayThe progress of each case is visualized weekly, and the system ensures that any sign of delay is immediately reported to a superior.
  408. Nature & lifeundergroundUnless we break away from an economic structure that keeps depending on finite underground resources, true stability can hardly be hoped for.
  409. Life & valuesclose; intimateAs the saying goes, even close friends need manners; precisely because a relationship is intimate, one should take all the more care with one's words.
  410. Advanced keigo & formalitysoon; before longI have read your letter. I hear you are soon to be promoted to a new post, and I offer my heartfelt congratulations.
  411. Nature & lifeto bring close toMerely bringing greenhouse-gas emissions close to zero is not enough; technology to absorb what is already in the atmosphere is also indispensable.
  412. Evaluation & inevitabilitystrength; powerThere's no bigger waste of time than pouring effort into someone not worth teaching.
  413. Description & rhetoricto differ; to be wrongThe content was completely different from the prior briefing, and the participants couldn't hide their confusion.
  414. Language & mediaone by one; in detailFor meeting minutes, capturing the gist is more practical than transcribing every remark verbatim.
  415. Academicfindings; knowledgeThe findings of this study corroborate the insights of prior research.
  416. Advanced businessknowledgeConverting knowledge that resides in individuals into an organizational asset is precisely what becomes the wellspring of sustained competitiveness.
  417. Academicintellect; intelligenceHer consistent intellectual stance was proof of a mind that refused to be swept along by the currents of the times.
  418. Emphasis, limits & extremesclumsy; unskilledClumsy though the expression may be, this paper shines with an original conception.
  419. Emphasis, limits & extremesfather (one's own)Ever since my father passed away, my mother has grown markedly quiet.
  420. Society & current affairsto shrink; to narrowThe economic gap between urban and rural areas shows no sign whatsoever of narrowing.
  421. Emphasis, limits & extremesregion; countrysideThe rustic flavor unique to this region can never be reproduced in the city.
  422. Society & current affairslocal governmentThis disaster has thrown into sharp relief the fragility of local governments' disaster-preparedness systems.
  423. Advanced keigo & formalityprecise; meticulousHaving read your paper, I was deeply impressed by the meticulousness of its argumentation.
  424. Advanced businessstarting; commencementIt's risky to proceed on a verbal promise; we should pin down the terms in writing before we start.
  425. Emphasis, limits & extremesidea; conceptionClumsy though the expression may be, this paper shines with an original conception.
  426. Academicfocusing on; attentionThis paper focuses on cases that cannot be fully explained by existing frameworks.
  427. Description & rhetorictea roomTucked in an alley of the old capital, the tea house still preserved a dignified, upright presence despite the passing ages.
  428. Culture & artstea bowl; rice bowlIt is precisely in a well-used, chipped tea bowl that the essence of wabi-sabi resides.
  429. Language & mediacaution; attentionMy boss repeatedly told me to be more concise and to put the conclusion first.
  430. Society & current affairscentral; centerThe central bank has taken the plunge and raised interest rates for the first time in a full seventeen years.
  431. Idioms & set phrasesmiddle; intermediateCaught between upper management and the front lines, middle managers agonize day after day.
  432. Psychology & nuanceadvice; warningOnce he has said something, he digs in stubbornly and refuses to lend an ear to any advice from those around him.
  433. Evaluation & inevitabilitydefamation; slanderSlander too vile to listen to flew back and forth, and the debate no longer held together at all.
  434. Emphasis, limits & extremessmall and medium-sizedThe risk of information leaks is not confined to large corporations; it extends to small and medium enterprises as well.
  435. Academicabstraction; abstractThe ability to translate abstract concepts into concrete examples is a hallmark of an excellent teacher.
  436. Culture & artsfaithful; loyalThe events depicted in a novel are not necessarily faithful to historical fact.
  437. Culture & artsMiddle Ages; medieval periodIt is said that if one traces the lineage of this family, it leads all the way back to a powerful clan of the medieval period.
  438. Evaluation & inevitabilityattention; noticeBeing such a groundbreaking technology, it's only natural that it draws attention from around the world.
  439. Psychology & nuanceneutralityThat he feigns neutrality on the surface while in his heart he favors one side is common knowledge.
  440. Connectives & conditionssigning (a treaty/contract)Although we've reached an agreement, until the formal signing is done there's no telling what might happen.
  441. Law & institutionsdisciplinary actionAn employee who neglects the duty of confidentiality becomes subject to disciplinary action.
  442. Society & current affairslong termThe authorities have resorted to forcibly clearing the protracted protest demonstrations.
  443. Evaluation & inevitabilityinvestigation; surveyThe outcome is plainer than day; there's no need to investigate anew.
  444. Nature & lifegovernment office buildingThis government building meets the latest seismic-resistance standards and is designed to withstand tremors of even the highest intensity on the scale.
  445. Evaluation & inevitabilityaudienceHer impassioned speech could not fail to move the audience.
  446. Evaluation & inevitabilitylong time; many hoursSubjected to such insincere treatment for so long, it's only natural the customers are angry.
  447. Idioms & set phrasesadjustment; coordinationCaught between the claims of both sides, the mediator found himself unable to make a move.
  448. Advanced businessprocurementFrom the standpoint of risk management, a procurement structure dependent on a single supplier must be called extremely fragile.
  449. Advanced keigo & formalityreceiving (humble)I am terribly sorry to impose when you are so busy, but might I have a little of your time?
  450. Law & institutionsmediation; arbitrationIn cases where no agreement is reached between the parties, the matter will be referred to mediation.
  451. Culture & artsfurnishings; furnitureThe furnishings of the long-established inn exude an elegant charm that has not faded with the passage of time.
  452. Society & current affairsdirect hitThe wave of aging is hitting medical frontlines head-on, further aggravating chronic staff shortages.
  453. Emphasis, limits & extremesdirectlyIf you have grievances, you should follow proper procedure — say it directly, submit it in writing, or the like.
  454. Language & mediadirectThere's a peculiar deftness to the way he phrases things—he avoids saying anything bluntly, yet still hits the mark.
  455. Emphasis, limits & extremesjust beforeFor the specifications to change right before the deadline — it's maddening beyond words.
  456. Society & current affairsfacing; confrontingIn the face of an unprecedented crisis, the government's capacity for crisis management is once again being called into question.
  457. Language & medialiteral translationWhen you translate literally with no regard for how a word feels, the meaning may come across, but the result tends to be a somehow unnatural rendering.
  458. Logic & argumentdirect connectionOught we not to question the very premise that economic growth translates directly into happiness?
  459. Connectives & conditionsfamous; renownedAs it was a lecture by a renowned author, the venue was filled to capacity.
  460. Academictreatment (medical)To respect a patient's will is nothing other than to treat the patient as a subject rather than an object of treatment.
  461. Description & rhetoricto fall (petals); to scatterThe cherry blossoms in full bloom scattering on the wind looked for all the world like a soft snow pouring down from the sky.
  462. Emphasis, limits & extremessilenceHis silence was nothing other than tacit consent.
  463. Idioms & set phrasesteamThrough repeated groping trial and error, the team gradually got a grip on the heart of the problem.
  464. Language & mediaunintentionally; justParticles that tend to get dropped in spoken language are often faithfully restored in writing that adopts a literary tone.
  465. Idioms & set phrasesaddition; extraBefore signing the contract, I made a point of nailing it down that no additional costs would arise.
  466. Evaluation & inevitabilitypursuit (of responsibility); pressingThis scandal, which shakes the political world, is bound to invite a thorough reckoning.
  467. Academicreplication study; retestThe validity of a hypothesis is ultimately corroborated by whether or not it can be reproduced through replication studies.
  468. Logic & argumentto be able to keep upThe leap from premise to conclusion is too great, and the audience simply cannot follow it.
  469. Evaluation & inevitabilityfinally; at lastThe years of accumulated research paid off, and approval for the new drug finally came through.
  470. Logic & argumentpassing through; connoisseurThis poem depicts the universality of human sorrow that runs beneath every culture.
  471. Advanced keigo & formalitykeen realizationOnly now do I keenly feel the weight of the words the professor spoke while he was alive.
  472. Emphasis, limits & extremescommuting (to work)The sheer wearisomeness of commuting on a packed train is beyond anything I can put into words.
  473. Nature & lifetraffic; passageThe shift from a one-way economy of extracting, using, and discarding resources to a circular economy is a global trend.
  474. Evaluation & inevitabilitynotice; notificationIt is not hard to imagine the turmoil felt by the employees who received sudden notice of dismissal.
  475. Emphasis, limits & extremesto be understood; to get throughStranded in an unfamiliar place where I couldn't even make myself understood, I felt an anxiety beyond anything words could capture.
  476. Academicprevailing view; accepted theorySuch results suggest the need to reconsider the conventional wisdom.
  477. Emphasis, limits & extremesnotification; noticeThe results of the selection will be notified to you in writing.
  478. Academiccommon notion; accepted ideaHis thought overturned the conventional wisdom of his era from its very foundations.
  479. Culture & artsto use for a long time; to wear inIt is precisely in a well-used, chipped tea bowl that the essence of wabi-sabi resides.
  480. Connectives & conditionsuser; wielderHowever fine a technology may be, in the wrong hands it can become a weapon that harms people.
  481. Psychology & nuanceusing differently (by situation)The way Japanese society switches between one's true feelings and one's public facade seems especially baffling to foreigners.
  482. Life & valuesto use; to spend (care)Excessive consideration ends up, ironically, making the other person feel they must be considerate in return.
  483. Language & mediato be usable; can useBefore anyone quite noticed, the single word "yabai" had broadened its meaning into something usable for both praise and criticism.
  484. Language & mediato grasp; to seizeHis talk jumped around without any coherent thread, so the audience struggled to grasp the point.
  485. Psychology & nuanceto grasp; to seizeA politician's answers are the sort of thing whose true meaning you can scarcely grasp unless you read between the lines.
  486. Evaluation & inevitabilityto get tiredStanding the whole hour in a packed train—there's no exhaustion quite like it.
  487. Life & valuesrelationship; associationI've known him for many years, yet I believe that maintaining a certain sense of distance is, paradoxically, the very secret to keeping the relationship going.
  488. Psychology & nuanceto confront with; to thrust beforeTo keep making excuses even when confronted with the evidence — there is a limit to how poorly one can accept the inevitable.
  489. Advanced businessto get to the bottom ofWhen you trace the locus of responsibility to its root, you arrive not so much at individual negligence as at a problem in the organizational structure itself.
  490. Idioms & set phrasesto pinpoint; to ascertainPinning down the optimal formulation required a steady accumulation of painstaking trial and error.
  491. Nature & lifenextWe must pass down the lessons of that great earthquake to the next generation without letting them fade into oblivion.
  492. Language & mediaone after anotherAmong the coinages that keep springing up alongside the spread of social media, it's hardly rare for one to fade away within a few years.
  493. Emphasis, limits & extremesto take (a post); to assumeBoth her track record and her character make her a fitting person for this key post.
  494. Psychology & nuanceto arriveOnly those who cast off arrogance and learn with humility arrive at true mastery.
  495. Logic & argumentto thrust; to point out (a flaw)Her rebuttal was coherent and well-ordered, sharply exposing the flaws in our grounds.
  496. Connectives & conditionsto exhaust; to do one's utmostModest though my abilities are, I hope to do what little I can to be of service to you all.
  497. Life & valuesto make; to createIsn't creating a workplace where people can work with pride precisely the duty of management?
  498. Idioms & set phrasesto makeIf you make furniture from scrap materials, you cut down on waste and hold costs down too — isn't that two birds with one stone?
  499. Society & current affairsbill (to pay later); consequencesThe bill for repeatedly postponing fiscal consolidation has finally come due.
  500. Idioms & set phrasesattaching; addingThey say 'more haste, less speed': the price of neglecting the fundamentals and rushing to advanced work always comes due later.
  501. Advanced businessto take advantage ofOnce you show a willingness to concede, the other side seizes on it and jacks up their demands even further.
  502. Logic & argumentto attach; to be carefulI am in favor of the proposal, but I have no choice but to attach a reservation regarding the budget.
  503. Idioms & set phrasesconvenience; circumstancesCherry-picking statistics and quoting them to suit oneself can hardly escape the charge of self-serving distortion.
  504. Evaluation & inevitabilityconveying; messageSince I know neither their contact details nor their real name, I have no way to convey my thanks.
  505. Culture & artsto convey; to tellConveying the catastrophe of war to future generations is the mission of those of us who yearn for peace.
  506. Emphasis, limits & extremesto be conveyed; to get throughTo find that my message never got through despite how firmly I drove it home leaves me utterly disheartened.
  507. Culture & artsto cultivate; to fosterA refined aesthetic sense is not something cultivated overnight.
  508. Advanced businessto grill; to poke holes inIf we don't nail down the key points one step further, we'll get grilled at next week's board meeting.
  509. Logic & argumentto poke; to pick atPicked apart over trivial details, we ran out of time before ever reaching the main argument.
  510. Advanced keigo & formalityto be respectful; to refrainHere I respectfully extend my heartfelt sympathies to all those affected by the disaster.
  511. Advanced keigo & formalityrespectfully; humblyI respectfully extend my sincerest wishes for the New Year.
  512. Idioms & set phrasesto wrap; to give (money gift)Ever since the layoff rumors spread, the workplace has been shrouded in an atmosphere of mutual suspicion, with everyone keeping a wary eye on one another.
  513. Emphasis, limits & extremesto continue; to lastWith night after night without sleep, I have reached the very extreme of exhaustion, body and mind alike.
  514. Evaluation & inevitabilityto continue (something)Given how recklessly they ran the business, one can say the company's bankruptcy was an outcome that was bound to happen.
  515. Advanced keigo & formalityto serve as; to perform (a role)On the day, I shall be serving as your master of ceremonies, so please do not hesitate to ask anything of me.
  516. Law & institutionsto lead to; to be connectedEven if the penalties were to be toughened, it would hardly lead to a resolution of the fundamental problem.
  517. Nature & lifetsunamiEven granting that the tsunami was of a scale beyond all expectations, the delay in the authorities' initial response must be held to strict account.
  518. Idioms & set phrasesalways; constantlyOnce the cash flow has dried up it's spilt water; a manager should always factor in the worst-case scenario in advance.
  519. Description & rhetoriccamelliaSet against the white wall, the red of the camellia stood out all the more vividly.
  520. Psychology & nuancewifeTo a wife of many years, even the faintest stirrings in her husband's heart are as plain as if held in her hand.
  521. Advanced businessto build up; to accumulateScrapping the negotiations we've built up so far would hardly be in either party's interest.
  522. Evaluation & inevitabilityto pile up; to accumulateIt's an illness that came from years of accumulated overwork — nothing other than a tragedy that was bound to happen.
  523. Emphasis, limits & extremesaccumulation; buildupThis success is nothing less than the fruit of steady, painstaking research accumulated over time.
  524. Idioms & set phrasessavings (installment); reserveRegarding get-rich-quick investment schemes, I made a point of warning that 'more haste, less speed'—steady, methodical saving is the royal road.
  525. Language & mediato accumulate (experience); to pile upWithout practice in stating the main points concisely, your reports will remain verbose forever.
  526. Advanced businessfinal details; finishingSloppy finishing always leads to trouble later, so let's iron out every ambiguity now while we can.
  527. Advanced businessto finalize (details); to packAlthough we've agreed on the broad outline, hammering out the details is likely to take more time yet.
  528. Connectives & conditionsstrongI expected to be shot down, but instead my boss threw his full weight behind my proposal.
  529. Advanced businessaggressive; hardlineDeliberately putting forward aggressive demands at the outset in order to extract concessions is a standard tactic.
  530. Life & valuesto carry through; to stick toNever pandering to the fashions of the age, he carried his convictions through to the end of his life.
  531. Connectives & conditionsto stick to; to carry throughWhether or not society thinks well of it, I intend to stay true to my own convictions.
  532. Advanced businessto raise (demands); to hikeOnce you show a willingness to concede, the other side seizes on it and jacks up their demands even further.
  533. Emphasis, limits & extremesto be together (spouse/partner)Having lost a colleague of many years to death before me, I feel a loneliness beyond words.
  534. Idioms & set phrasestoolIf you end up spending all your time managing the tool you introduced to boost efficiency, you can only call it putting the cart before the horse.
  535. Connectives & conditionsproposal; suggestionI expected to be shot down, but instead my boss threw his full weight behind my proposal.
  536. Nature & lifedecline; dropWhen overwork persists, immune function declines, leaving one prone to unexpected infections.
  537. Nature & lifeoffer; provisionThe loss of biodiversity severs, quietly but surely, the chain of benefits that ecosystems provide.
  538. Connectives & conditionsconclusion (of a contract)Whether or not the person himself is satisfied with it, the validity of the concluded contract remains unchanged.
  539. Nature & lifereductionExperts argue that reconciling economic growth with a reduction of environmental burden is by no means a mutually exclusive proposition.
  540. Emphasis, limits & extremesproposal; recommendationEveryone listened intently, recognizing it as a persuasive proposal that only someone who knows the front lines could make.
  541. Law & institutionsstop; haltCompanies that neglect compliance with the regulations face the heavy penalty of a suspension of operations.
  542. Emphasis, limits & extremessubmissionIf you have grievances, you should follow proper procedure — say it directly, submit it in writing, or the like.
  543. Advanced keigo & formalityadvocacy; proposalThe theory the professor has newly put forward overturns conventional wisdom at its very foundation.
  544. Psychology & nuanceregular hours; fixed timeRefraining from contacting colleagues after regular hours is the tacit understanding at this workplace.
  545. Evaluation & inevitabilityto present; to showPerhaps because my blunt advice hit home, his work visibly improved.
  546. Language & mediacorrectionTo stem the spread of disinformation, corrective information must be circulated faster than the falsehood itself.
  547. Logic & argumentestablished theoryThese experimental results could serve as decisive counterevidence against the long-established theory.
  548. Emphasis, limits & extremesmansion; residenceThat mansion, spared no expense, was luxury carried to its very extreme.
  549. Language & mediataking root; becoming establishedThe word-coining power of youth slang is remarkable, yet only a mere handful of such terms ever take root.
  550. Connectives & conditionsdegree; levelIf you let this level of adversity break your spirit, you'll never make it at the top level.
  551. Advanced businesspolite; carefulEven if it takes some time, I believe we should prioritize careful consensus-building over a hasty decision.
  552. Description & rhetoricretirement ageReceiving a bouquet on the eve of my retirement, my sense of gratitude was all the deeper.
  553. Nature & lifeembankment; leveeThe flooding from the breached levee spread through the urban district at a speed far exceeding all projections.
  554. Society & current affairsslump; stagnationIn the wake of the economic slump, employment conditions for young people have grown even more severe.
  555. Advanced keigo & formalityletter (mail)I have read your letter. I hear you are soon to be promoted to a new post, and I offer my heartfelt congratulations.
  556. Connectives & conditionsenemy; opponentEven if it means making an enemy of the whole world, I will keep defending him to the very end.
  557. Advanced businessappropriate; properManagers are expected to raise the productivity of the organization as a whole through the appropriate delegation of authority to their subordinates.
  558. Life & valuesmoderate; appropriateThose who can't keep an appropriate sense of distance on social media tend to be more easily drawn into interpersonal trouble.
  559. Nature & lifeapplication (of a rule)Even if it is a cutting-edge treatment, without insurance coverage the burden on the patient is immeasurable.
  560. Logic & argumentmodus operandi; trickShifting the point whenever things get inconvenient for him is his usual tactic.
  561. Evaluation & inevitability(sense of) response; solid feelEntrusted with challenging, worthwhile work, he is like a fish returned to water.
  562. Idioms & set phrasesgroping; fumblingThrough repeated groping trial and error, the team gradually got a grip on the heart of the problem.
  563. Emphasis, limits & extremes(raising) with tender careTo watch a protégé I nurtured with my own hands come into their own is immensely gratifying.
  564. Culture & artshandwork; handicraftThe subtle irregularity unique to handwork lends this teacup an ineffable savor all its own.
  565. Idioms & set phrasesprocedure; stepsPrecisely when a deadline is bearing down, the 'more haste, less speed' mindset—checking each step one by one—turns out to be faster in the end.
  566. Idioms & set phraseswithdrawal; retractionNow that the contract is signed, it's spilt water: demanding a retraction of the terms at this point is utterly futile.
  567. Connectives & conditionsthoroughnessWithout thorough information management, it is impossible to maintain customers' trust.
  568. Evaluation & inevitabilitythorough; exhaustiveThis scandal, which shakes the political world, is bound to invite a thorough reckoning.
  569. AcademicphilosophyIt is precisely the universality of mathematical truth that has never ceased to captivate philosophers since antiquity.
  570. Advanced businessprocedure; formalitiesThe moment the approval comes down, have everything arranged so we can move straight to placing the order.
  571. Emphasis, limits & extremesstaying up all nightWith night after night without sleep, I have reached the very extreme of exhaustion, body and mind alike.
  572. Connectives & conditionsin view of; one's positionHaving made such grand boasts in front of my subordinates, I can hardly admit now that I failed.
  573. Emphasis, limits & extremesto compare with; to shine onIn light of established custom it was a reasonable decision, and there is no call to single it out for criticism.
  574. Language & mediaturn; twist (in a story)Because a newspaper column is limited in length, writers put special ingenuity into the 'turn' of the four-part structure.
  575. Advanced businessshifting (blame); passing onAs the person responsible for overseeing the division, I have not the slightest intention of shifting the blame for failure onto my subordinates.
  576. Advanced businessshift; conversionConverting knowledge that resides in individuals into an organizational asset is precisely what becomes the wellspring of sustained competitiveness.
  577. Life & valuesturning pointMeeting the teacher I owe so much to became the turning point of my life.
  578. Law & institutionsmoving house; change of residenceWhen you move, you must submit a notification of change of residence to the municipal office of your new address within fourteen days.
  579. Logic & argumenttypical; modelThe "everyone says so" line of reasoning is a textbook sophistry that rests on mere numbers.
  580. Connectives & conditionsweatherWhether the weather clears up or not, tomorrow's climb will go ahead as planned.
  581. Law & institutionsnatural disasterDelays caused by natural disasters fall under the exemption clauses of the terms, so our company cannot assume responsibility.
  582. Emphasis, limits & extremeschanging jobsHe keeps job-hopping, forever reeling off gripes — the pay's bad, the boss is incompetent, on and on.
  583. Law & institutionsmoving in (to a city)When you move, you must submit a notification of change of residence to the municipal office of your new address within fourteen days.
  584. Advanced keigo & formalityattachmentI have duly seen the attached photograph; it conveys well the look of those days.
  585. Psychology & nuancefall; downfallThere is no denying that the arrogance of overestimating his own talent brought about his downfall.
  586. Law & institutionstableOnly after securing the other side's consent did we finally sit down at the negotiating table.
  587. Life & valuesencounter; meetingMeeting the teacher I owe so much to became the turning point of my life.