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Suy đoán & nghe nói
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phrases
Suy đoán
29
に違いない is not a guess — it's a confident conclusion pinned to evidence in front of you. You name the clue, then commit: 電気がついているから、彼女はまだ起きているに違いない or 部屋が散らかっているから、慌てて出て行ったに違いない。 Unlike かもしれない (mere possibility), に違いない signals near-certainty. からして often flags the evidence, as in 彼の話しぶりからして、相当自信があるに違いない。
Nghe nói
29
These are the phrases for passing on what you heard without vouching for it. 「部長は明日の会議に出席できないとのことです」 is the polite business relay you use forwarding a message, while 「田中さんは来月転勤するとか」 keeps its 「とか」 deliberately vague — you're not fully sure. Note that 「大雪になるということです」 reports a source (weather forecast), and doesn't mean the same as そうだ; N2 learners often swap them.
Khẳng định
29
Assertion patterns let you push a claim from probable to certain. 「合格するに決まっている」 is your gut conviction — "of course, no doubt about it" — grounded in evidence, not proof. Formal writing prefers 「努力の賜物にほかならない」, which pins down the one true cause ("nothing other than"). And 「当然のことというものだ」 states a general truth about how things simply are.
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