Description & rhetoric

87 phrases

Scene description29 This theme teaches the vocabulary of literary scene description at N1 level — words used to evoke atmosphere, light, silence and the presence of a place in refined, written or reflective Japanese. These expressions appear in essays, novels, art criticism and elegant speech, where nuance matters more than plain fact: a museum wrapped in 「張りつめた静寂」 (taut stillness), morning mist that 「薄く長くたなびいていた」 (trailed thin and long), or a temple whose 「凛とした佇まいを保っていた」 (dignified presence endured). Master them to describe mood and setting with the subtlety expected of an educated adult.
Degree & intensity29 This theme teaches advanced N1 expressions for describing degree and intensity, ranging from strong emphasis to careful understatement. Formal and literary words like 極めて and 甚だしい appear in news, academic writing, and speeches ("事実誤認も甚だしく", "極めて困難だ"), while ことのほか and ひとしお convey emotion or an unexpected extent ("成功の喜びもひとしおだった"), and いささか adds a refined, softened negativity common in written and polite spoken register.
Metaphor & rhetoric29 This theme covers the figurative and rhetorical devices of advanced Japanese: literary simile (「まるで淡雪が空から降り注ぐかのようであった」), personification (「秋風が窓辺をそっと叩き」), the rhetorical question that asserts by asking (「果たして誰が公正と呼べるだろうか」), polite indirection, the 「～と言わんばかり」 pattern for unspoken attitudes, and 「～に等しい」 for damning equivalence (「盗用に等しい行為だ」). These expressions belong to the formal, literary, and argumentative register of essays, news commentary, speeches, and refined conversation, where meaning is conveyed through nuance, implication, and vivid imagery rather than stated plainly.

日本語

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