Academic

87 phrases

Research writing29 This theme teaches the register of academic and research writing at N1 level — the measured, impersonal phrasing used in papers, theses, and reports to state hypotheses, weigh evidence, and hedge conclusions. You learn to present findings cautiously with expressions like 「両者の間に明確な相関関係があることが示唆される」 and 「当該政策が消費行動に一定の影響を及ぼしたと考えられる」, and to describe trends and significance as in 「統計的に有意な差が認められた」. These set phrases signal scholarly restraint and are essential when writing or reading formal Japanese scholarship.
Science & tech29 This theme equips you with advanced scientific and technical vocabulary as it actually appears in research papers, news commentary, and professional discussion. You will hear how N1-level speakers frame abstract, specialized ideas with restraint and precision — as in 「その仮説はまだ実証されていない」 (that hypothesis has yet to be empirically demonstrated) or 「解析の精度をさらに高める必要がある」 (we need to raise the accuracy of the analysis further). Expressions like 「実験の再現性が問われている」 belong to formal, written and spoken registers where nuance and rigor matter.
Humanities & thought29 This theme equips you with the vocabulary of the humanities—the language of ideas, ethics and epistemology used in academic writing, essays, criticism and serious debate. At the N1 level these words carry an abstract, formal register: you speak of how "「自由」という概念は、時代や文化によって大きく意味を変えてきた" (the concept of freedom has shifted in meaning across eras and cultures), weigh whether "人権という理念に普遍性がある" (the ideal of human rights possesses universality), and warn that "すべての価値は相対的だとする相対主義は、時に無責任な思考停止に陥りかねない" (relativism can degenerate into an irresponsible abdication of thought). Such expressions belong to lectures, editorials and philosophical discussion rather than everyday chat.

日本語

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