Law & institutions

87 phrases

Law29 This theme teaches the vocabulary of legal Japanese as it actually appears in contracts, statutes, and news reporting: clauses (条項), enforcement (施行), obligations and rights (義務・権利), compliance and violation (遵守・違反), penalties (罰則), contracts (契約), legal effect (効力), and the parties involved (当事者). At N1, these words carry a formal, written register with subtle nuance — as in 「本条項は…影響されないものとする」 or 「改正法は来年四月一日をもって施行される運びとなった」, phrasing you meet in official documents and formal discussion. Mastering them lets you read a contract, follow a court report, or state a rule with precision, as in 「法令を遵守してこそ、企業は社会からの信頼を得られるのである」.
Administration29 This theme equips you with the formal, bureaucratic vocabulary of administration and public institutions — systems (制度), applications (申請), authorization (認可), notifications (届出), procedures (手続き), jurisdiction (管轄), subsidies (助成), regulations (規定), review/screening (審査), and promulgation (公布). At N1 these expressions belong to the register of official documents, news, and public-sector meetings, where phrasing is precise and impersonal, as in 「公布の日から起算して六か月を経過した日から施行される」 or 「届出の受理をもって手続きは完了したものとみなす」. Learn them to read legal notices and news, or to speak and write about policy with the nuance and formality expected of an educated adult, even lamenting that 「一つの申請が幾つもの部署をたらい回しにされる」.
Rights & duties29 This theme teaches the formal, legalistic vocabulary of rights and duties (権利・義務) used in contracts, news commentary, and academic or professional debate. At N1 level these words carry precise nuance and appear in written and spoken registers a well-educated adult uses when discussing law, ethics, and responsibility — as in 「権利を主張するばかりでなく、それに伴う義務を果たすことが成熟した市民の条件だ」 or 「契約上の義務を誠実に履行しない場合、相手方は損害賠償を請求できる」. Expressions like 「その決定の正当性を巡って、識者の間で激しい議論が交わされた」 show how these terms frame abstract, high-stakes discussion.

日本語

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