Nature & life

87 phrases

Environment29 This theme builds an advanced vocabulary for discussing the environment as it appears in news editorials, academic papers, and policy debate. The expressions carry the formal, argumentative register of N1: abstract nouns like 生態系, 循環, and 負荷 combine with weighty verbs and set phrases to weigh trade-offs and consequences. You will use them to reason at a high level, as in 「経済成長と環境負荷の低減を両立させることは、決して二律背反ではない」 or 「持続可能な開発とは、現世代の欲求を満たしつつ将来世代の可能性を損なわない発展を指す」.
Life & medicine29 This theme builds the vocabulary of life and medicine at the N1 level, drawing on the formal register of hospitals, bioethics debates, and medical journalism. You will learn how words such as 免疫 (immunity), 遺伝 (heredity), 感染 (infection), 延命 (life-prolongation), and 副作用 (side effects) work in real, nuanced argument — as in "遺伝子編集をめぐる生命倫理の議論は、いまだ結論を見ていない" or "もはや回復の見込みがない以上、延命よりも苦痛の緩和を優先すべきだ." These are the expressions educated adults reach for when weighing ethical dilemmas, treatment decisions, and prevention.
Disaster29 This theme equips you with the advanced disaster and risk vocabulary that fills Japanese news reports, government advisories, and public commentary. At N1 level these expressions carry a formal, often weighty register — from the bureaucratic 「警戒レベルが引き上げられたのを受けて、対象地域には避難指示が発令された」 and 「甚大な被害を被った工場の操業再開は、来年以降にずれ込む公算が大きい」 to the reflective 「あの震災の教訓を風化させることなく、次の世代に語り継いでいかねばならない」. You'll also meet the set condolence phrase 「被災された皆様に、心よりお見舞い申し上げます」, used in speeches and letters.

日本語

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